Category Archives: Revelation Commentary

Lesson 12 Of Series – To Avenge His People As Their Kinsman-Redeemer

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This lesson continues to show the “things which must shortly come to pass” of Revelation 1:1. These things were morally necessary.

To Avenge His People As Their Kinsman-Redeemer

According to the Law, the Kinsman-Redeemer was to slay the murderer: Numbers 35:19-34.  God, Himself, claimed to be the Kinsman-Redeemer of Israel: Deuteronomy 32:35-43, quoted in Romans 12:19: “Dearly beloved, avenge not yourselves, but rather give place unto wrath: for it is written, Vengeance is mine; I will repay, saith the Lord.”

Because of the Jewish persecution and murders of the Christians and the crucifixion of Christ, it was morally necessary that God carry out His duties as the Kinsman-Redeemer of His people.

In the New Testament era the Jews were in dispersion throughout the Roman world. Although of only one racially identifiable tribe, Judah, they were sometimes called “the twelve tribes scattered abroad,” for scattered individuals of other tribes had joined themselves to them in the past. The Jewish trade-routes throughout the Roman Empire had produced flourishing communities of Jews and their synagogues. The wrath of God’s judgment came also upon these, for they too had persecuted the Christians in their synagogues.

Historically we know that there were Jewish uprisings against Rome in Alexandria and other major centers of Jewish populations. Rome put down these rebellions with terrible violence as the instrument of God’s wrath.

But the ultimate recipient of God’s wrath, the seventh bowl of the Book of Revelation, is Mystery Babylon: Revelation 16: 19b: “And God remembered great Babylon, to make her drain the cup of the fury of His wrath.”

Mystery Babylon Accountable For Deaths of the Martyrs

Chapters seventeen and eighteen of the Book of Revelation are devoted entirely to describing her destruction. Her identity is not left in doubt when considered in the light of Matthew 23:34-35. In Revelation 17:6 John sees that this woman, Mystery Babylon is: “drunk with the blood of the saints and the blood of the martyrs of Jesus.” This is a direct allusion to Matthew 23:34 where Jesus told Jerusalem that they were accountable for the blood of all the martyrs. It positively identifies her as apostate Judaism, represented by their religious capitol, Jerusalem. God has a moral obligation to avenge His people upon her.

In Revelation 18:20, while the world laments, heaven rejoices: “Rejoice over her, O heaven, O saints and apostles and prophets, for God has given judgment for you against her!” (RSV).

And again in 18:24: “And in her was found the blood of prophets and of saints, and of all who have been slain on earth,” – another direct allusion to Matthew 23:34-35.

The Rationale For God’s Judgments Against Jerusalem

Again in Revelation 19:2 the reason for her destruction is made explicit: “For His judgments are true and just; He has judged the great harlot who corrupted the earth [land] with her fornication, and He has avenged on her the blood of His servants,” (RSV).

Christ’s Garments Of Vengeance

In Revelation 19:11 our eyes are turned to the glorious appearing of Christ. In the context of the destruction of Jerusalem, this is the fulfillment of Matthew 24:30, (also 16:27-28). Note that Christ is clothed in “a robe dipped in blood,” (Revelation 19:13).

This is the “garments of vengeance” described in Isaiah 59:17b-18: “He put on garments of vengeance for clothing, and wrapped Himself in fury as a mantle. According to their deeds, so will He repay, wrath to His adversaries, requital to His enemies,” (RSV).

The vengeance of God in the Book of Revelation vindicates the faith of the saints based upon such Scriptures as Isaiah 63:1-6: “Who is this that comes from Edom, in crimsoned garments from Bozrah, He that is glorious in His apparel, marching in the greatness of His strength? ‘It is I, announcing vindication, mighty to save.’ Why is thy apparel red, and thy garments like his that treads in the wine press? ‘I have trodden the wine press alone, and from the peoples no one was with me; I trod them in my anger and trampled them in my wrath; their lifeblood is sprinkled upon my garments, and I have stained all my raiment. For the day of vengeance was in my heart, and my year of redemption has come. I looked, but there was no one to help; I was appalled, but there was no one to uphold; so my own arm brought me victory, and my wrath upheld me. I trod down the peoples in my anger, I made them drunk in my wrath, and I poured out their lifeblood on the earth,’” (RSV).

Next Lesson: Lesson 13: Parables of Vengeance

Lesson 11 Of Series -To Fulfill The Promised Vengeance -Continued

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In the previous lesson we saw how that the moral necessity to be fulfilled in the Book of Revelation was to include the vengeance for the martyred saints which God had promised, Luke 18:7-8. In the opening of the fifth seal, Revelation 6:9, the souls of the martyred saints cries out for this promised vengeance. And in the sixth and seventh seals, Revelation 6:12-17, the vengeance begins.

The Sixth and Seventh Seal

The sixth seal, Revelation 6:12-17 RSV, continues this promise of vengeance by proclaiming that “…the great day of their wrath has come, and who can stand before it?”

The seventh seal, Revelation chapters 8- 11, consists of the seven trumpets.  After the sixth trumpet, an angel proclaims: “That there shall be no more delay, but that in the days of the trumpet call to be sounded by the seventh angel, the mystery of God, as He announced to His servants the prophets, should be fulfilled,” (10:6b, 7, RSV).

When the seventh trumpet sounds, the promised vengeance will be completed. This is reminiscent of Ezekiel 12:25, performance of the predictions will not be delayed beyond the generation to which it was spoken.

The Seventh Trumpet

The seventh trumpet describes the translation of the fleshly kingdom into the kingdom of Christ. It opens with the scene in heaven and the proclamation: “The kingdom of this world has become the kingdom of our Lord and of His Christ, and He shall reign for ever and ever,” (11:15 RSV).

This echoes Christ’s words from the Gospel of John 18:36: “My kingdom is not of this world.” The earthly, fleshly kingdom was fully translated into the greater, perfect kingdom of Christ.

This translation of the kingdom is accompanied by a time of wrath upon the earth, (11:18): “The nations raged, but thy wrath came.” God’s servants, prophets and saints, were rewarded by being avenged, while the destroyers themselves were destroyed. The true Temple was seen in heaven, along with the true Ark of the Covenant, (v. 19); the earthly copies were destroyed, and these symbols of the kingdom were translated into the heavens.

Vengeance Against Mystery Babylon and The Beast

Vengeance for the martyred saints would not be complete without the account of the wrath of God poured out upon the wicked city of Jerusalem. The theme of wrath resumes in 14:7: “…the hour of His judgment has come,” that fateful hour so long anticipated. The judgment is against Babylon, verse 8: “Fallen, fallen is Babylon the Great, she who made all nations drink the wine of her impure passion,” (RSV).

The judgment of the ‘beast,’ (that is, unredeemed flesh and the fleshly claim to covenant relationship without the spirit), and the reaping of the land, (Gk. Ge, Hebrew ’eretz), corresponds to the historical events of the wars in Judea which immediately preceded the fall of Jerusalem in 70 AD. The land was reaped and cast into “the wine press of the wrath of God,” (v. 19), “…the wine press was trodden outside the city,” the outlying cities and villages of Judea.

The Song Of Moses

The theme of wrath builds until in chapter 15 the seven “bowls” fill up the full measure of God’s wrath. As a corollary, the overcoming saints in heaven sing “The Song of Moses,” Deuteronomy 32, and “The Song of the Lamb.” To complete this scene, one must read and include Deuteronomy 32 as a part of this text. It is a song about justice and judgment. It deals directly with God’s judgment upon Israel because of their fall into sin and idolatry, as foretold by Moses. After the indictment for sin, the theme is set forth which became so important to the early Christians suffering persecution from the Jews: “Vengeance is mine, I will repay, says the Lord.” (See also Rom. 12:19; Heb. 10:30, etc.)

In the “Song of Moses” the fallen ones are no longer Israel: “They have acted corruptly toward Him, to their shame, they are no longer His children, but a warped and crooked generation,” (NIV Deut. 32:5).

Note also that Jesus used similar terms “faithless and perverse generation” as found in Luke 9:41 and Matthew 17:17, no doubt with this reference in mind. Romans 11:28: “As regards the gospel they are enemies of God.” The fleshly nation had become God’s adversary, but even so, God still had some persecuted servants in the midst of them: “For the Lord will vindicate His people and have compassion on His servants, (Deut. 32:36).

“Praise His people, O you nations; for He avenges the blood of His servants and takes vengeance on His adversaries and makes expiation (or atonement) for the land of His people,” (RSV v. 43).

Time For Decision

These conditions had prevailed from the time of Christ’s ministry to the fall of Jerusalem. The nation as a whole had ceased to be His children. Furthermore, He had taken to Himself a nation “who were no people,” the Gentile believers, to provoke the Jews to jealousy. This was also predicted in the Song of Moses, (Deut. 32:21; see also Rom. 10:19).

The contents of the seven bowls are God’s wrath, but it is the promised wrath of the moral imperative and His justice is repeatedly praised; for example: “For men have shed the blood of saints and prophets, and thou hast given them blood to drink. It is their due!” (Revelation 16:6 RSV).

Consecutive Periods of Judgment

The first bowl is poured out upon the ‘land’ (or ‘earth,’ fulfilled historically upon the land of Judea, but to be further fulfilled upon any nation that forgets God. The theme of wrath builds toward its climax in the seventh bowl. In the seventh bowl the cities of ‘the nations’ fell, (16:19). The twelve tribes were sometimes called ‘the nations.’

Next Lesson: To Avenge His People As Their Kinsman-Redeemer

Lesson 10 Of Series – To Fulfill The Promised Vengeance

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The Promised Vengeance

At the time of the writing of the Book of Revelation, another piece of unfinished business which God was morally obligated to fulfill was that of vengeance. He had promised:

  • (A) To avenge the breaking of His Covenant;
  • (B) To avenge His saints and martyrs, both as their God and as their Kinsman-Redeemer; and:
  • (C) To avenge the shedding of innocent blood and to cleanse the land from defilement

(A) To Avenge The Breaking Of His Covenant

The passage in Leviticus 26:14-46  describes the penalty for the national sin of breaking the Covenant. The penalty was to be exacted through sword, famine, pestilence, wild beasts, destruction, desolation, and dispersion. The Babylonian captivity had come because Israel had broken the Covenant, yet God in His mercy used it to rebuke and chasten His erring children rather than executing His full measure of divine wrath.

At the time of the writing of the Book of Revelation, fleshly Israel was again in full disobedience except for those in Christ. The penalty for breaking the Covenant was therefore due and it was morally imperative that God fulfill the wrath promised. The Book shows these penalties being executed. The pattern of sevens in the Book may be a reminder of the oath of the Covenant, reflecting the seven-times-over nature of the penalty that was promised in Leviticus 26:18, 21, 24, 28. (See “The Number Seven in the Bible” Commentary on 1:4.)

The Goodness And The Severity Of God

In reference to this passage in Leviticus, it was morally imperative that God fulfill His Covenant while at the same time, He was morally obligated to forgive the repentant who confessed their sins, (26:40); and, when their “uncircumcised hearts are humbled,” (26:41, see also Rom. 2:28-29), then He would reinstate them into His Covenant, (v. 45). In the destruction of Jerusalem vengeance was accomplished and in the Revelation of Jesus Christ reinstatement into the New Jerusalem was possible. Since Christ was made the New Covenant, (Isa. 42:6-7), when Judaism rejected Him, if for no other reason, they had broken both the Old and the New Covenants. That put them on equal footing with the Gentiles; there was no difference. Salvation for all depended upon God’s mercy in Christ.

To Avenge His Covenant People As Promised

Vengeance is a major theme of the Book of Revelation and shows that God has fulfilled this aspect of His Covenant. In Revelation 6:9-11, the opening of the fifth seal reveals the souls of the slain martyrs as they cry out to be avenged. This vengeance is promised as soon as their number is completed. From here the tension builds throughout the seals and the trumpets.  The climax comes and the vengeance is completed in the destruction of Mystery Babylon, the fallen city of Jerusalem, chapters 17 and 18. Following this, the saints rejoice in triumphal praise to God for vengeance has been executed, (Revelation 18:20, 24; 19:1-3).

Jerusalem Had Become the “Mystery Babylon”

Revelation 18:24 corresponds to Christ’s prediction in Matthew 23:29-36 of vengeance against Jerusalem for “all the righteous blood shed on earth,” (v. 35), when the full number of martyrs should be accomplished. That Christ’s prophecy was spoken directly against Jerusalem is clear from verse 37a: “O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, killing the prophets and stoning those who are sent unto you!”

Christ foretold that many of these martyrs were to be the Christians sent by Himself. Addressing Jerusalem He said: “I send you prophets, and wise men, and scribes, some of whom you will kill and crucify, and some you will scourge in your synagogues and persecute from town to town,” (v. 34 RSV).

This vengeance was not to be delayed beyond the lifetime of the generation that heard Christ predict it, (v. 36). So the complete number of martyrs for which fleshly Judaism was held responsible was to be fulfilled within “this generation” of time.

Next Lesson: The Sixth and Seventh Seals

Lesson 9 Of Series – Christ Revealed As Judge In The Destruction of Jerusalem

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Christ Revealed As Judge

Another way in which the destruction of Jerusalem served to reveal Christ was in His role as Judge upon the fleshly nation, Israel. John 5:22, 23: “For the Father judgeth no man, but hath committed all judgment unto the Son: (23) That all men should honor the Son, even as they honor the Father. He that honoureth not the Son, honoureth not the Father which hath sent Him.” ( See also John 12:31, 32.)

The fiery judgment upon Jerusalem, the War and subsequent dispersion of the remaining people terminated forever the age of the fleshly identity of the nation. Ladd speaks of John the Baptist’s witness that Jesus would baptize with the Holy Ghost and with fire: “The fiery judgment would suggest an event terminating this age and initiating the Age to Come.”*

The Surviving Jews Rejected the Book Of Revelation

Even when Christ’s prophesies came to pass, many of the surviving Jews continued to put their trust in their fleshly genealogies or in the outward forms of Judaism. For them, Christ’s prophecies were a threat of extinction and so was intolerable. With all the ferocity of those fighting for their very lives, they resisted His teachings. The fact that the Book of Revelation showed this event as a glorious triumph of the saints and as the source of rejoicing in heaven maddened those who saw their legitimacy eliminated and caused fierce opposition against the Book in its early period of existence. Many early manuscripts of the Book , probably those written in the original Hebrew, were all burned in this early period, only the Greek translations survived as far as we now know. This ferocious opposition to the Book accounts for the fact that it was written in the apocalyptic genre using a kind of code fully understood only by those immersed in Christian doctrine.

Christian Faith Vindicated

For the Christian Jews, – and the great majority of Christians at that time were genetically Jews, – the Book was an account of the vindication of their faith in Christ, showing His triumph over all other claimants to the inheritance rights, destroying their grounds for persecution of the saints, completing the fulfillment of every prophecy, every promise, every hope of Light and Life. To them the Book of Revelation was worth every effort to preserve it. The Book itself became one of the focal points of division between the two rival religions, Judaism and Christianity.

Christianity claimed to be, in Christ, the only surviving remnant of the old nation of Israel, partly because of the account of the destruction of the fallen nation in this Book. The canonization of the Book by the Christian community represented the official declaration of their claim to be the surviving Chosen People. Canonization means that the Church accepted it as the Word of God, Holy Scripture.

*Ladd, George. A Theology of the New Testament. William B. Eerdman’s Publishing Co. Grand Rapids, Michigan. 1974.

Lesson 8 Of Series – Signs In The Heavens

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Signs In The Heavens

Jesus said: Matthew 24:29: “Immediately after the tribulation of those days shall the sun be darkened, and the moon shall not give her light, and the stars shall fall from heaven, and the powers of the heavens shall be shaken.”

The fact that this was fulfilled does not necessarily depend on our having some extant secular historical record of it. However, we do have records that the sun was darkened at the crucifixion. We also know that Vesuvius erupted in AD 79 darkening the sun and moon over a large area of the world, and burying the city of Pompey, Italy. An earlier eruption of Vesuvius is recorded, in about 62 AD, although not so famous as that of AD 79.

An Eclipse of Prophecy

A more likely interpretation of this, however, is the spiritual one found in Micah 3:5-7:
“Thus saith the Lord concerning the prophets that make my people err, that bite with their teeth, and cry, Peace, and he that putteth not into their mouths, they even prepare war against them. (6) Therefore night shall be unto you, that ye shall not have a vision; and it shall be dark unto you, that ye shall not divine; and the sun shall go down over the prophets, and the day shall be dark over them. (7) Then shall the seers be ashamed, and the diviners confounded: yea, they shall all cover their lips, for there is no answer of God.”

In 70 AD, the prophets, priests and seers of Israel had lost their spiritual vision and so gross darkness had come upon the people, as if an eclipse darkened the sun and moon.

The Lord Is The Light Of His People

Nevertheless, the Lord God Almighty has become the Light as in Isaiah 60:19-20:
“19 The sun shall be no more thy light by day; neither for brightness shall the moon give light unto thee: but the LORD shall be unto thee an everlasting light, and thy God thy glory. 20 Thy sun shall no more go down; neither shall thy moon withdraw itself: for the LORD shall be thine everlasting light, and the days of thy mourning shall be ended. “

Joel’s Prophecy Fulfilled

We do know that the prophecy in Joel 2:31: “The sun shall be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood, before the great and the terrible day of the LORD come,” was interpreted as having already been fulfilled on the Day of Pentecost, (Acts 2:16). If Peter and the eleven and the men of Judea believed at that time that Joel 2:31 had been fulfilled, then let us accept their judgment on the matter and declare that it had indeed been fulfilled.

Did Jesus Come In The Clouds?

Jesus said, Matthew 24:30: “And then shall appear the sign of the Son of man in heaven: and then shall all the tribes of the earth mourn, and they shall see the Son of man coming in the clouds of heaven with power and great glory.” (See also Mark 13:26; Luke 21:27.)

If one is not willing to accept the testimony of the writers of the New Testament, I would suggest the secular historian Josephus’ account of an appearance in the clouds over Jerusalem as it was being destroyed.

“The signs that were so evident, and did so plainly foretell their future desolation…. [of Jerusalem]. Besides these (signs), a few days after that feast, on the one-and twentieth day of the month Artemisius, [Jyar,] a certain prodigious and incredible phenomenon appeared; I suppose the account of it would seem to be a fable, were it not related by those that saw it, and were not the events that followed it of so considerable a nature as to deserve such signals; for before sun-setting, chariots and troops of soldiers in their armour were seen running about among the clouds, and surrounding of cities,” (6.5.3).

Jesus’ prophecy was fulfilled. They did see the “sign of the Son of Man” in the clouds.

Next Lesson: Christ Revealed As Judge